Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality

biologic and humane Approaches to constitution PSY250 As research into some unityality progressed, scientists began to weigh beyond psychoanalysis and trait theories for separate chronicles into how constitution develops. They started to look at the biologic factors that order reputation formation (Hans Eysenck, Jeffrey Gray, Sir Francis Galton (genetic lead of fit)), the core of growth inescapably on item-by-itemizedity formation (Abraham Maslow), and the elemental aspects of the charitable-centered someoneality possibility and how it comp atomic number 18s to the biologic explanation of genius formation (Eric Fromm, Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow).These topics will be considered in more than detail in the next discussion. Although environment dallys a actuate in nature, genes likewise gravel large contri howeverions. whatsoever genetic disorders, much(prenominal) as Angelman or altogetherow foriams syndrome be characterized by uppity merriment a nd friendliness. Biological aspects of a persons temperament, such as infolding/extr e verywheresion, actively, and impulsively, too help shape the nature. Studies of uniform twins sacrifice shown that twins marooned at birth and raised in contrasting environments still sh be umpteen nature traits.Therefore, we argon not only if clear slates totally modeld by what our environment writes on us. Responses to trustworthy environmental stimuli appear to be hard-wired into our anxious system and hormone systems. Electroencephalograms (EEG) defecate shown that, at a actually basic train, extroverts show less stimulant to remark and so introverts do. Hans Eysenck theorized that be lawsuit of this low level of arousal, extroverts sample out stimulate division piece of music introverts, who may be receiving likewise a lot stimulation from the environment, feat to regulate apart from it all by shying a counselling from stimulating environments.Differences in activation of the impresss hemispheres may also action record formation. Greater activation of the right(a) hemisphere, which is believed to defy a component part in ostracise emotions, may cause over answer to negative stimuli. On the other hand, high activation of the left hemisphere, purview to play a role in overbearing emotions, could depart in more sizable reactions to positive stimuli. Jeffrey Gray proposed the mood that our nervous systems may be answerable for influencing whether we are more motivated by penalisation or reward.Disruption in the run of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin rat also effect record. Will Sheldon spread out on Ernest Kretschmers ideas that proboscis caseful might be attached to real mental disorders and applied them to the world(a) population. Sheldon developed three body types and associated nature characteristics mesomorphs muscular, large-boned athletic, ectomorphs nice studious, and endomorphs roly-p oly good-natured. Sheldons ideas were also simplistic, but it might be come-at-able that certain biologic factors could excise twain nature and body type.Social influences may affect body type, which may in modus operandi affect how others react. Both aspects lavatory influence disposition development. A static spirit depends on a healthy, well- modus operandial instinct ( was this say to be cited) Certain diseases and disorders outhouse switch goat change or unload ones disposition. Strokes defame part of the brain and can cause a dramatic change in reputation. pickaxs disease also causes decline of the brain. It may cause a pronounced change in in a persons beliefs or preferences.Alzheimers disease, as the disease becomes advanced, seems to result in total loss of personality. postnatal mental picture is triggered by a biological process. Severe, untreated symptoms may include hallucinations, delusions, and obstinate pitiful thoughts of suicide, being pos sess, or harming the infant. environmental toxins, such as mercury, and two jural and vile drugs, including Valium, Prozac, cocaine, and herion, can result in biological changes to the body that may temporarily or permanently alter personality.Biological and Humanistic Approaches to temperTheories of personalities spend a penny been analyse for many decades. The biological and humanitarian approaches to personality have both become disreputable in studying the science shag personality. Abraham Maslow developed the power structure of charters because he did not believe that the conditioning theories adequately portrayed the complexity of human appearance. In analyzing both the biological and human-centred theories, one can see where Maslow may have been right in that assumption. The basic informations of humanitarian and biological theories vary significantly.There are some basic ideas behind humane psychological science. Humanists stress on the present instead than l ooking at the past or toward the future. Well individuals should take responsibility for themself unheeding of the actions and every individual possess inhering worth. Even negative actions do not negate the value of the person. The achievement of personal growth and reason is the goal of emotional state (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). On the other hand biological theorists believe that genetics can congeal a persons personality. both(prenominal) concepts state that withal if biology plays no direct role in personality, the way a person looks affects how one sees himself/herself and how others refer with him/her. This unin scarpered affect controls how a person develops into adulthood. Biological viewpoints t all(prenominal) that intelligence and genes could make a persons personality. character and mental disorders are thought to be checkerd by biology. Humanistic theories seem to be generalized, though biological theories are overcomplicated. Although they are wide-rangin g opposites in their concepts, together they contain the event of personality.Abraham Maslow, a humanistic psychologist believed that the mountain are not controlled by the mechanical forces which include the reinforcement and stimuli forces of behaviourism or some unconscious instinctual impulse of the psychoanalysis. He placed his briny focus on what people can authentically do as unlike to their limitations. His power structure of need has established a major precedence on which human interactions can follow so as to make sure that they achieve productive as well as agreeable outcome. The main midpoint is to actually prepare people for common existence with themselves and those who are around.The essence of humanistic psychology is usually confusable to cognitive psychology as it does accredit behavior more than just a stimulus that is determined and hence recognizes perception as the actual essence of actions and behavior (Valiunas, 2012). His hierarchy of necessar ily does exhibit how precisely growth ought to influence formation of personality. He developed his personality theory in relation to the needs of people. It shows the main influences of human needs to formation of their unique personalities. Maslow contemplates that each trait of human functioning conveys to a complete individual.Maslow consequently referred to these functions as the hierarchy of needs. In his theory Maslow states that there are five key categories of an individual needs. The initial menage is physiological needs such as food, water, air, clothing, shelter, and sleep. Previous to realizing or achieving the needs on this level it becomes unfeasible to even consider the next category (Valiunas, 2012). The avocation category is related to safety, which basically assimilates the need for feeling safe and secured. The third of category in Maslow hierarchy of needs comprises the perceive of belonging, needs, and revel.It is rational because once an individual is se cured then he/she can demand for sentience of belonging and love. The next category has to do with self-esteem it encompasses the need for education, detect, self-competence, and achievement. This is a very important level of needs to an individuals personality this level is where an individual focuses his/her energy to feeling proficient, they learn to respect him/her, and to respect others. According to Maslows theory, needs impact individual personality in a way that before they hit the highest point of need in the hierarchy one feels discouraged consequently poignant his/her personality.Individuals in the beginning(a) category do not believe in themselves and be deficient in motivation in life, and tend to implicate different personality compared to those on the highest category of needs. Those on first category of needs will tend to also lack confidence in whatever they do as opposed to those who have achieved self- actualization (Valiunas, 2012). Biological factors are rel ated to some extent with the Maslows hierarchy of personality because biological factors for display case brains, heredity and physical characteristics are needful during the growth level.There are 2 biological factors that influence the formation of personality of an individual, heredity and environment factor. Inheritance of a trait is pertinent to individuals personality (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). Basically, individuals inherit a propensity towards a decisive structure and propensity to function in definite ways, thus influencing the individual personality development. On the environmental factor, the contact surrounded by the mother and a child for biological fulfillment play an important function in personality growth.Care and love enhance a sense of justification and security. Humanistic theories of personality do represent an affirmative view of human behavior. constitution is usually defined as the nonionised as well as the active set of various characteristics w hich are possessed by people and which influences their cognitions, behavior as well as their motivations (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). Humanistic psychology does emphasize that people do have a free will and do play active role in the determining of how exactly they tend to behave.Humanistic psychology usually focuses on the unverifiable experience of individuals as opposed to authoritative and forced factors which determine behavior. Maslow does believe that all people who are interested in growing ought to move towards the self-actualization level of cheer and satisfaction. The psychological emplacements on expansion of personality do remain influential which comprises of humanistic perspective, isodynamic and existential perspectives, and cognitive, sociocultural and behavioral perspective (Valiunas, 2012). There are many factors that determine our personality.Some of these factors are either humanistic or biological. Maslows hierarchy of needs and humanistic personalitys th eory play a major role in the formation of ones personality and so are the biological factors. Though humanistic and biological theories are opposites, they do comprise of the main essence of personality and the blend between these 2 theories creates effective results. While humanistic and biological theories have many differences and fewer similarities, both theories try to address the issues of personality and try to give a better understanding of personality traits.Biological and Humanistic Approaches to PersonalityBiological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality PSY250 As research into personality progressed, scientists began to look beyond psychoanalysis and trait theories for other explanations into how personality develops. They started to look at the biological factors that influence personality formation (Hans Eysenck, Jeffrey Gray, Sir Francis Galton (genetic study of twins)), the effect of growth needs on personality formation (Abraham Maslow), and the basic aspects o f the humanistic personality theory and how it compares to the biological explanation of personality formation (Eric Fromm, Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow).These topics will be considered in more detail in the following discussion. Although environment plays a part in personality, genes also make significant contributions. Some genetic disorders, such as Angelman or Williams syndrome are characterized by excessive happiness and friendliness. Biological aspects of a persons temperament, such as introversion/extroversion, actively, and impulsively, also help shape the personality. Studies of identical twins have shown that twins separated at birth and raised in different environments still share many personality traits.Therefore, we are not simply blank slates totally influenced by what our environment writes on us. Responses to certain environmental stimuli seem to be hard-wired into our nervous system and endocrine systems. Electroencephalograms (EEG) have shown that, at a very basic l evel, extroverts show less arousal to stimulation then introverts do. Hans Eysenck theorized that because of this low level of arousal, extroverts seek out stimulating circumstances while introverts, who may be receiving too much stimulation from the environment, try to get away from it all by shying away from stimulating environments.Differences in activation of the brains hemispheres may also effect personality formation. Greater activation of the right hemisphere, which is believed to have a role in negative emotions, may cause over reaction to negative stimuli. On the other hand, higher activation of the left hemisphere, thought to play a role in positive emotions, could result in more powerful reactions to positive stimuli. Jeffrey Gray proposed the idea that our nervous systems may be responsible for influencing whether we are more motivated by punishment or reward.Disruption in the function of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin can also effect personality. Will Sh eldon expanded on Ernest Kretschmers ideas that body type might be connected to certain mental disorders and applied them to the general population. Sheldon developed three body types and associated personality characteristics mesomorphs muscular, large-boned athletic, ectomorphs slender studious, and endomorphs roly-poly good-natured. Sheldons ideas were too simplistic, but it might be possible that certain biological factors could affect both personality and body type.Social influences may affect body type, which may in turn affect how others react. Both aspects can influence personality development. A stable personality depends on a healthy, well-functional brain ( was this supposed to be cited) Certain diseases and disorders can change can change or destroy ones personality. Strokes damage part of the brain and can cause a dramatic change in personality. Picks disease also causes deterioration of the brain. It may cause a marked change in in a persons beliefs or preferences.A lzheimers disease, as the disease becomes advanced, seems to result in total loss of personality. Postpartum depression is triggered by a biological process. Severe, untreated symptoms may include hallucinations, delusions, and persistent disturbing thoughts of suicide, being possessed, or harming the infant. Environmental toxins, such as mercury, and both legal and illegal drugs, including Valium, Prozac, cocaine, and herion, can result in biological changes to the body that may temporarily or permanently alter personality.